Process for Retractions and Corrections

When an article is retracted, the original publication is clearly marked as such, but a PDF version remains accessible to readers. The retraction statement is bi-directionally linked to the original paper and usually includes a statement of assent or dissent from the authors.

For other corrections, the original article (both PDF and HTML) is often amended and bi-directionally linked to the published notice detailing the original error. For transparency, if changes affect data in figures, tables, or text (e.g., if data points or error bars change), the amendment notice will reproduce the original data.

If the original article cannot be corrected in both formats (e.g., older articles), the article remains unchanged but carries bi-directional links to the amendment notice.